Faith

Israeli Archeologists Unearth 2,700-Year-Old Seal Featuring the Name of Jesus’ Traditional Birthplace

JERUSALEM (The Blaze/AP) — The Israel Antiquities Authority says archeologists digging at a Jerusalem site have found the oldest artifact that bears the inscription of Bethlehem — a 2,700 years old seal with the name of Jesus’ traditional birthplace.

Israeli Archeologists Find Oldest Artifact Mentioning Bethlehem

In this photo made available, Wednesday, May 22, 2012 by Israel's Antiquities Authority, shows a detail of a seal bearing the name "Bethlehem" in ancient Hebrew script. (AP Photo/Clara Amit, courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority)

Eli Shukron, the authority’s director of excavations, says this is the first time the city’s name has appeared on an artifact from this period. According to The Jerusalem Post, this finding provides tangible evidence that the ancient city of Bethlehem existed. The clay seal, or bulla, was found in a Jerusalem dig.

(Related: Does This Archeological Discovery Prove That the Bible Is True?)

The Post continues, providing more on the discovery and the bulla:

The dramatic discovery was made while sifting soil from archaeological excavations the Israel Antiquities Authority is conducting in the City of David, in the “Walls around Jerusalem National Park.”

The bulla, measuring 1.5 cm, was discovered bearing the name of the city, written in ancient Hebrew script. The dig is underwritten by the Ir David Foundation.

A bulla would be impressed with the seal of the person who sent the document or object, and its integrity was evidence that no one had viewed or opened the document who unless authorized.

Shukron said on Wednesday the seal bears the ancient Hebrew script used during the period of the first biblical Jewish Temple. He says pottery found nearby dates back to the same period. Shukron also says that the seal was most likely used to stamp tax shipments.

“The bulla we found belongs to the group of ‘fiscal’ bullae – administrative bullae used to seal tax shipments remitted to the taxation system of the Kingdom of Judah in the late eighth and seventh centuries BCE,” he explains.  ”The tax could have been paid in the form of silver or agricultural produce such as wine or wheat.”

Comments (62)

1 2
  • Reikoku
    Posted on May 24, 2012 at 12:22am

    The first biblical mention of בית לחם or Beyth Lechem – Βηθλεεμ in the Greek Old Testament or Septuagint – meaning “house of bread (food),” appears in Genesis (35:19, 48:7). The earliest extant text of Genesis is from the Dead Sea and dates from the first centuries around the common era, but the earliest layers of the text were composed several centuries previously. Attributed to the Israelite prophet Moses, who purportedly existed in the 13th century BCE, the oldest strata of Genesis apparently were not composed initially until the sixth century or so, making that text later than this seal. In any event, there is reason to surmise that Bethlehem existed in myths before it was established on Earth and that the “house of bread” concept reflects an Egyptian origin.

    Report Post »  
    • Robert Hawk
      Posted on May 24, 2012 at 6:00am

      You started correct but ended up incorrect. Who penned Genesis? It was as you have indicated a book of Moses, which takes us up to the entering in of the promised land well after the exodus from Egypt. The references to Bethlehem in Geneses are to place the burial place of Rachael, the wife of Israel (Jacob). There are two names given in Genesis concerning that location Ephrath which is Bethlehem. Ephrath (fruitful) and Bethlehem meaning the house of grain or bread. Ephrath was later named Bethlehem. Obviously the later texts of Genesis were improved to add Bethlehem as clarification for the location of Ephrath.
      The entire text of Genesis 35 is about Jacob being renamed Israel and Rachael dying, giving birth to Benjamin. She was buried in the way to Ephrath which is Bethlehem.mthe text mentions the historical events which transpired therefore it was written after the events occurred, as a record of the events. Simply because the oldest known texts are not 2700 years old does not mean they are false records. The temple was sacked several times and burned, plus age amply identifies reasons for not discovering a specific and total set of Hebrew scrolls

      Report Post » Robert Hawk  
  • Christ the Lord
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 6:33pm

    I want to say THANK YOU to MY BODY. Also, thanks Glenn for the Gift, THE PRIVELEGE to Hear you in So many Different ways. That All is perfect, is that everyone has that which they desired. Peace is a PERFECT PRESENSE ~ FOR BEAUTY IS TRUTH. Love is a TENDERNESS NONE HAVE KNOWN. That I will NEVER CHANGE IS THAT I AM THE ONLY BEGOTTEN SON OF GOD. This is why ~ ALL ~ were warned. THE DAY OF THE LORD ~ ONE SHOULD HAVE PREPARED. Now, to those who KNOW LOVE, FORGIVENESS, TENDERNESS, MERCY, GENTLENESS, HEALING, LONG ~ SUFFERING, HAPPINESS, JOYFULNESS, COMPASSION, KNOW THIS, as the bearer of these gifts, I am also THE BEARER OF ALL OTHER GIFTS AS WELL…. Thank you to those who chose OUR HOLY SPIRITS CREATION THRU LOVE OF FORGIVENESS.,. And NOW, THANK YOU, TO ALL OF YOU OTHERS I LOVE SO MUCH…. You make my LIFE WORTH LIVING.,.

    Report Post »  
    • DeavonReye
      Posted on May 24, 2012 at 9:28am

      Dude. . . . are you for real? You have no idea what “Jesus” would actually say. Why would someone post . . . acting like “Jesus”?

      Report Post » DeavonReye  
  • Christ the Lord
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 6:25pm

    You know what is FUNNY???? All of the concepts that men have. Come on. I mean Really. If I dig something up, am I going to say this or that. NO. Why, because these proclamations are dangerous to MAKE. Just because someone says something, does NOT make it TRUE.,., Life, ones Word, Ones HONOR, ONES THOUGHTS, ONES LIFE. How does one live. If, and I say IF, you feel compelled to speak Out, make sure YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU ARE PROCLAIMING. You SEE, UNDERSTANDING, is THE KEY. Understanding is LIFE ABUNDANT RICH AND FREE……~~~~~~~~~`

    Report Post »  
  • dfranke2703
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 5:32pm

    what it does prove however yet again is that there is more physical evidence that Jesus walked this earth that Cesar did…the non believers always ask for proof…not that hard to point to anymore

    Report Post »  
  • Delores at CH WV
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 3:23pm

    Nice; however, God asks for our faith, not old seals. If you believe, you will still believe in Jesus. If not, . . .

    Report Post »  
    • 2SENSEWORTH
      Posted on May 24, 2012 at 2:48pm

      In response to “Nice; however, God asks for our faith, not old seals.”

      However, it’s nice to have something surface that seals our faith.” Just sayin’.

      Report Post » 2SENSEWORTH  
    • pilgrimhere
      Posted on May 24, 2012 at 5:31pm

      Not exactly. You will not find anywhere that God simply asks for our faith, neither the Father nor the Son. Perhaps you are referring to Paul’s ramblings which are only consistent with God’s towrah when it is expedient for him. Search for yourself. Or do you believe as I once did, that after selecting 12 ordinary men to change the world, the Son realized upon “finishing” the task that only one from the den of vipers could really accomplish this and assaulted the worst of them in the wilderness outside Damascus with blindness, forcibly enlisting him to concoct a new covenant with new instructions that the Son failed to mention to any of the 12 who will judge Israel on their 12 thrones … or was it 13 thrones? I am not trying to be tacky. These are real issues: Paul’s conversion is inconsistent with any approach God has made to any man but quite similar to Constantine’s who continued to mint ‘Sol Invictus’ on his coins afterward; Paul described visiting the 3rd heaven with the caveat that he couldn’t speak of it which compares only with Muhammad’s similar adventure; Paul “saw” Jesus (misnomer fabricated in 1600’s) after a warning was given not to believe anyone reporting such … and Paul’s testimony is alone in that regard.

      God can be known by name and trusted to perform what He promised. “Come out of her (Babylon) My people.” Or just go on believing in faith the things you don’t know.

      Report Post » pilgrimhere  
  • @BamaBil
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 1:33pm

    The question of this artifacts authenticity and whether or not it proves the existance of Bethlehem is a fairly moot one. Those that believed in it‘s existance will continue to and those that didn’t will continue not to. Of the artifact, believers will believe it’s real without a lot of question and non-believers will question it’s authenticity beyond all reason. We end up where we started.

    Report Post »  
    • Lunertic
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 1:59pm

      I’m doing my best to be what we call a Christian but like Paul said, I fall short of the glory daily. And you make a great point but I am amazed that anyone needs PROOF that Bethlehem existed. Not only is there a Bethlehem there now but they claim that there’s another Bethlehem that is little more than a few scattered ruins now. So WHICH Bethlehem is it?
      For me it doesn’t matter. For others it only proves that Bethlehem existed while proving nothing that says JESUS CHRIST was ever born. A shame since what HE taught was for us to LOVE one another.

      Report Post »  
  • yohannbiimu
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 1:15pm

    So-called “Palestinians” are destroying all evidence of Hebrew owning of Jerusalem and the Holy Land as fast as they can. It’s being done on the temple mount, which is why they get crazy whenever someone who isn’t Muslim wants to go there. They are calling Jewish settlers “usurpers,” but it’s the other way around. The very term “Palestine” is the Latin derivative of the HEBREW word Plishdim (where we get the word “Philistine” in the Bible), which is a term that means “invader.“ They call themselves ”Palestinians,” and yet it has absolutely NO meaning in their own language, since it comes from a Hebrew term for “invader,“ or in this case ”usurper.”

    Report Post » yohannbiimu  
  • Nanaswords
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 1:11pm

    This is an artifact of a past time of Hebrew/Jewish activity… in that area…Now the only time and place that many are looking toward is… The Mt. of Olives and Jerusalem !!! It is the father Gods’ “Chosen Place” and All that is needed for us to look toward !!! His “Promise” is NEVER A DOUBT… for us that know and love Him !!! He will NEVER GIVE UP THIS PROMISE…between Himself and we who have this HOPE !!! No Fear now… or…on that last day !!!

    Report Post »  
  • TheSitRep
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 11:07am

    I opened the shard up in Adobe Illustrator and found it was made with layers and there is something fishy with the safety clay.

    Report Post » TheSitRep  
  • SAS6907
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 10:57am

    Long before this Bethlehem was mentioned from the very beginning.
    Genesis 35:19
    New American Standard Bible (NASB)
    19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).
    That’s the reason for this verse:
    Matthew 2:18
    “ A VOICE WAS HEARD IN RAMAH, WEEPING AND GREAT MOURNING, RACHEL WEEPING FOR HER CHILDREN; AND SHE REFUSED TO BE COMFORTED, BECAUSE THEY WERE NO MORE.”

    Report Post »  
    • lukerw
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 12:34pm

      This text was always Strange… for Ephraim was the son of Joseph in Egypt, one of the Tribes of the Exodus, given the BirthRight of Jacob and Titled as Israel… a Rath was an area owned by a Tribe, and a EphRath would be the Property of Ephraim… where the House Of Joseph consisted of the Tribes of Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin! So, it is being noted that this passage is… Prophetic… and relates to the Messiah!

      Report Post » lukerw  
    • Robert Hawk
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 12:48pm

      The Genesis references were to provide location for the readers not indicate Bethlehem existed at the time. The existence of Bethlehem does not show up in biblical text until the book of Joshua and the book of Judges. Much as Jerusalem is not referenced until after the Hebrews establish the city, prior to that it was called Jebus.

      Report Post » Robert Hawk  
  • SAS6907
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 10:51am

    Bethlehem’s been mentioned in the bible, way before Micah.
    You can go all the way back to Genesis:
    Genesis 35:19
    New American Standard Bible (NASB)
    19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).
    and that’s why this was written:
    Matthew 2:18
    “ A VOICE WAS HEARD IN RAMAH, WEEPING AND GREAT MOURNING, RACHEL WEEPING FOR HER CHILDREN; AND SHE REFUSED TO BE COMFORTED, BECAUSE THEY WERE NO MORE.”

    Report Post »  
  • Individualism
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 10:48am

    Not good enough to prove existence it could be a name for something else for all you know.

    Report Post » Individualism  
  • DeavonReye
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 10:42am

    Not sure of the significance of this find. The plaque mentions a city. . . . . from that area of the world.

    Report Post » DeavonReye  
    • Sol Invictus
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 11:27am

      Agreed. Now if they had found a sign that said “San Francisco 5 miles” or “No stopping on the freeway” THAT would be news.

      Report Post » Sol Invictus  
    • DeavonReye
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 11:38am

      LOL . . . .but yeah, one would expect to find similar archeological discoveries to a specific region. That tells us nothing more than. . . there was a city.

      Report Post » DeavonReye  
    • Bonnieblue2A
      Posted on May 24, 2012 at 2:46pm

      Written in Hebrew, approximately 2,700 years ago.

      Report Post »  
  • 1WhoQuestions
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 10:06am

    Interesting find though I seriously doubt Bethleham’s existence was ever in doubt.

    Report Post »  
  • Constructionist
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 10:03am

    @TZION
    “I happen to be conservative but as a religious Jew I personally don’t use BC or AD.”

    I’m not offended one bit by people who personally choose not to use BC or AD based on a religious belief. My issue is with the growing tendency to attack all Western conventions and those who insist that we institutionally change our traditions to accomodate the rest of the world.

    As an example of convention , I would point to various kings, queens, and princes around the world. It is customary (and expected) to address them as your “highness, majesty, grace, etc.”. I don’t believe that by observing this convention one somehow publicly espouses a belief in absolute monarchy.

    Report Post » Constructionist  
    • Man-On-A-Mission
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 11:12am

      Of course you don’t believe an BC or AD. Jews don’t believe that Jesus Christ was the Messiah. Christians believe Jesus was the Messiah and that when he comes back will the second coming.

      Tell me I’m wrong………

      Report Post »  
    • rharvey23
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 11:53am

      Insulting him doesn’t make you right. The calender of the Jews was given to them by GOD. Based on what I’ve read in the Bible, that’s the one GOD is using. It’s the one Jesus (Yeshua) used. All the prophecies which Jesus fulfilled during HIS time on earth were in done in accordance with the Jewish calender. I’m not jewish, but being a christian I think that if you consider yourself a christian you might want to be more open to what manner GOD works his will. It’s not according to our wishes or times but HIS.

      Report Post »  
  • Ralph77
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 9:04am

    Micah 5:2 speaks of Bethlehem also as the birth of the Messiah.

    Report Post »  
  • Constructionist
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 8:16am

    Rather ironic that an article about Bethlehem and Jesus gives the date as the seventh century ‘BCE’.

    I’m not religious, but the whole ‘BCE’ thing bothers the h*ll out of me. It’s not like the metric v. English system argument, wherein one can argue that the metric system is more logical. The dating system for ‘Before the Common Era’ is based on…. the accepted date of the birth of Jesus Christ. Are we really so vapidly politically correct that we even have to change the way we’ve been referencing dates for last 2,000 years to appease the political left?

    Report Post » Constructionist  
    • qpwillie
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 9:14am

      I don’t really have a problem with it. The year was never correct in the first.

      Report Post » qpwillie  
    • hi
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 9:16am

      Good point!

      Report Post » hi  
    • Chloesmom
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 9:34am

      In this case, it’s not political correctness. That’s the way Jews have referred to AD and BC for, well, I don’t know for how long, but since long before political correctness took hold.

      Report Post » Chloesmom  
    • tzion
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 9:37am

      I happen to be conservative but as a religious Jew I personally don’t use BC or AD. The reason has less to do with the dating starting with Jesus’s birth (though technically the date was off by four years) and more with how the current system refers to Jesus. For example, AD translated literally means “year of our lord” and for me, someone who doesn’t believe that Jesus was divine, such a statement would be contrary to my faith. I have no problem wishing someone a merry Christmas, but using BC and AD feels too much like declaring that I believe something I don’t.

      Report Post »  
    • sdarbro
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 9:52am

      I agree, when did this trend start? BCE? CE? It literally happened overnight, it seems.

      Report Post » sdarbro  
    • klevalt
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 10:18am

      What a great point. I have never seen the BCE reference… or perhaps I have, and simply didn’t pay attention to its relevance. Either way, really…. BC and AD are no longer the date references that are being used by scholars? Interesting.

      Report Post » klevalt  
    • espnfx
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 12:32pm

      Constructionist… Use BCE, but tell the left it stands for Before Christ on Earth. That‘ll get ’em fired up.

      Report Post » espnfx  
    • theaveng
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 5:24pm

      Not 2000 years. The current calendar with its year 1 set at Jesus’ birth is only 700 years old. Prior to that year 1 was set at various points, like the founding of Rome, or the founding of Britain’s first king, or the year France was born, and so on.

      Report Post »  
    • Jennifer_D
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 9:59pm

      BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) are not “recent trends” or pc terms; they coordinate with Jewish teachings/historical perspective. We should expect that the Israel Antiquities Authority would formulate their comments according to the Jewish calendar. This is an amazing find that would be awesome to see in person!

      Report Post » Jennifer_D  
    • Lock-n-Load
      Posted on May 24, 2012 at 12:34am

      Read BCE as Before Christian Era and CE as Christian Era.

      Pray for the Peace of Jerusalem.

      Report Post »  
  • donh2
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 8:16am

    The fragment is cut in the map shape of Syria with a gouge at lower left the position of Lebanon. God has worked on the stone, and it belongs on an altar for prayer work to divert the Apocalypse. Take it to the town of Meggido in the old city of Jezreel. Find the old man Buckenhaggen …. http://youtu.be/RVrOm0rQj38

    Report Post »  
    • rando44
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 12:00pm

      It does resemble Syria DONH2, but it also resembles South Carolina. Further, there is a church there that hosts an annual “Walk through Bethlehem” – http://www.crbaptist.com/contactform.cfm?list_type_id=5 – So you know what that means. It means this is a very cool old piece of clay that belongs in a museum or in some really rich guy’s expensive-old-stuff collection, not placed on an altar being prayed over. Jesus is coming back when he comes back, and as he said “only the Father knows” period.

      Report Post » rando44  
    • donh2
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 12:15pm

      The writing on the stone is not being translated in God thought …The X marked the spot of Abu Kamal…It is no coincidence that this stone be discovered as massacres take place in this anchient city…The writing on the stone is a map of the apocalypse…Prayers on an altar are what is needed …not some tourist attraction museum exhibiy….>

      ” Amos warns of a great end-time destruction that is tied in with the nation of Syria and that will engulf many nations.

      Jesus spoke of such an ultimate catastrophe, which will threaten the continued existence of the world: “For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and never to be equaled again. If those days had not been cut short, no one would survive” (Matthew 24:21-22 [21] For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.
      [22] And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect’s sake those days shall be shortened.

      Report Post »  
  • Gonzo
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 8:10am

    “this finding provides tangible evidence that the ancient city of Bethlehem existed”
    Was that ever in doubt, even by non believers? If it was, it’s news to me. Cool find though.

    Report Post » Gonzo  
    • SquidVetOhio
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 8:33am

      Bethlehem exists in the current West Bank under control of the Palestinians. I’m sure you know that Bethlehem is not only where Christ was born but, where King David, his father Jesse, and his father Boaz (the husband of Ruth) is from. This means the “settlements” in that territory are just Jews returning to land that has been theirs since Joshua ran out the Cannanites. Not that they will EVER believe it.

      Report Post » SquidVetOhio  
    • Gonzo
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 8:48am

      What I’m asking is Squid, was it’s existance ever in doubt? I had never heard that it was.

      Report Post » Gonzo  
    • notakleenexliberal
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 8:51am

      Jeremiah, Chapter 12, verse 14-17
      14 Thus says the Lord against all my evil neighbors who plunder the heritage which I gave my people Israel as their own: See, I will pluck them up from their land; the house of Judah I will pluck up in their midst.
      15 But after plucking them up, I will pity them again and bring them back, each to his heritage, each to his land. 16 And if they carefully learn my people’s custom of swearing by my name, “As the Lord lives,” they who formerly taught my people to swear by Baal shall be built up in the midst of my people. 17 But if they do not obey, I will uproot and destroy that nation entirely, says the Lord.

      Report Post »  
    • Hrothgar
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 10:10am

      I’m not a follower but I have never doubted the existence of Bethlehem. I’m pretty sure that many physical cities and locations existed from the biblical times. Now Sodom and Gomorrah are two cities that I don’t believe existed until recently. They are however named Las Vegas and Henderson.

      Report Post » Hrothgar  
  • Tickdog
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:57am

    neat o.

    Report Post » Tickdog  
  • NewLife56
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:44am

    Cool!

    Report Post » NewLife56  
    • tradexpertbuysell
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 8:02am

      I don’t need the proof but other weaker minds might. And then there are those living now that if they were present when God parted the Red Sea in their presence would willfully and angrily turn aside anyway and worship other gods.

      Such is the mystery of faith! And Christ yelled “Those that have ears, let them hear”. And God’s people said, “Amen!”

      Report Post »  
    • DeavonReye
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 10:46am

      Who are those who “would willfully and angrily turn aside anyway and worship other gods” if they witnessed a parting of a sea? There are more variables required before making a judgement on what may have happened. Also, if an ACTUAL deity PERSONALLY showed up in a magical burst of light, parted a sea, then poofed away, . . . .that would, at least, be another part of the evidence for what transpired.

      But seeing something and “willfully and angrily turn aside anyway and worshipping other gods” is absurd, especially if you are not one who even believes in gods.

      Report Post » DeavonReye  
  • sawbuck
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:36am

    Luke 19: 39-40

    39 Some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to Jesus, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples!”

    40 “I tell you,” he replied, “if they keep quiet, the stones will cry out.”

    Report Post » sawbuck  
  • welloddyfriggindah
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:34am

    Tax collecting, the 2nd oldest profession.

    Report Post » welloddyfriggindah  
  • ARIZONA VETERAN
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:25am

    WHAT, NO “PALESTINE” IMAGINE THAT!!! ahahhahahaha

    Report Post » ARIZONA VETERAN  
    • Bob_R_OathKeeper
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:33am

      I agree, just wait until the Jew-haters start posting, I‘m sure they’ll come up with some great excuses as usual.

      Report Post » Bob_R_OathKeeper  
  • ThePostman
    Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:24am

    It’s not “ancient hebrew” script, it’s “proper hebrew”. And why wasn’t it in aramaic? Need a little backstory here.

    Someone fill us in, I’ll sit back and listen.

    Report Post »  
    • Bob_R_OathKeeper
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:35am

      It‘s ancient because it’s old, not written with a Bic on paper or pixels on a monitor, get it?

      Report Post » Bob_R_OathKeeper  
    • qpwillie
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:48am

      It also came from around 700 BCE which was before Aramaic became the day-to-day language in that area.

      Report Post » qpwillie  
    • Meyvn
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 7:50am

      Of course you do.

      Report Post » Meyvn  
    • tzion
      Posted on May 23, 2012 at 9:56am

      Aramaic wouldn’t have been used until after the Babylonian exile in 586 BCE.

      Report Post »  
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