(TheBlaze/AP) -- The ongoing scandal surrounding the United States government and its spying tactics continues to spawn both questions and angst. Amid the furor, President Barack Obama is defending these secret government programs that sweep up Internet data and millions of Americans' phone records in officials' search for foreign terrorists.
At the same time, many Americans are, once again, pondering the delicate balance that exists between national security and personal freedom. While these curiosities surrounding the two are nothing new, the issues have gained new-found attention in light of recent events.
The issue of domestic spying is a complicated one that has a history that certainly predates the current debate. Below, find a complete timeline of controversies surrounding spy programs and privacy from 1978 through today:
---
1978: In response to outrage over spying on activists and other U.S. citizens, Congress passes the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. It creates a secret court to monitor spying within the United States. Known as the FISA court, its judges sign off on wiretapping and search warrants used against foreign agents and suspected spies and terrorists and Americans involved with them.
---
September 2001: The shock of the Sept. 11 attacks on New York and Washington pushes George W. Bush's administration to seek new powers to improve intelligence-gathering and prevent terrorism.
President Barack Obama talks about national security, at the National Defense University at Fort McNair in Washington. Credit: AP
---
October 2001: Congress and Bush rush the USA Patriot Act into law. It gives the government unprecedented authority to search, seize, detain or eavesdrop in pursuit of suspected terrorists. Because of privacy concerns, lawmakers make the eavesdropping provisions and other controversial aspects temporary, requiring renewal by Congress.
---
December 2005: The New York Times reports that the National Security Agency is secretly eavesdropping on telephone calls and emails of Americans communicating with people outside the United States, without seeking warrants from the FISA court. What becomes known as "warrantless wiretapping" began in 2002 under a presidential order. Critics call it unconstitutional, but the Bush administration says it's legal.
---
March 2006: Congress votes to renew the Patriot Act, although somelawmakers voice concerns about the government's broad powers to conduct surveillance and collect data.
---
May 11, 2006: USA Today reports that the NSA is secretly collecting phone records of millions of Americans in a giant database. Some of the phone companies cited dispute the story.
---
August 2006: A federal judge in Detroit rules that the NSA's warrantless surveillance program is unconstitutional because it infringes on free speech, privacy and the separation of powers. The program continues as the case is appealed.
Former President George W. Bush and former first lady Laura Bush arrive for the lighting of the Freedom Hall during the opening ceremony of the George W. Bush Presidential Center April 25, 2013 in Dallas, Texas. The Bush library, which is located on the campus of Southern Methodist University, with more than 70 million pages of paper records, 43,000 artifacts, 200 million emails and four million digital photographs, will be opened to the public on May 1, 2013. The library is the 13th presidential library in the National Archives and Records Administration system. Credit: Getty Images
---
January 2007: Responding to the court challenge and lawmakers' concerns, Bush suddenly changes course. His administration announces it will begin seeking approval from the FISA court when eavesdropping on telephone calls between the U.S. and other countries in pursuit of terrorists.
---
August 2007: Congress approves changes sought by the Bush administration to the FISA Act, officially allowing NSA eavesdropping on communications between an American and a suspect foreigner, without a FISA judge's approval.
---
May 2011: Congress passes and Obama signs a four-year extension of Patriot Act provisions on record searches and roving wiretaps. Some lawmakers complain that the law doesn't do enough to protect Americans' privacy and the disagreement forces the renewal to the last minute.
---
June 5, 2013: A British newspaper, The Guardian, reports that the NSA is collecting the telephone records of millions of American customers of Verizon under a top secret court order. Security experts say the records of other phone companies are also involved.
---
June 6, 2013: The Guardian and The Washington Post report that the NSA and the FBI are tapping into U.S. Internet companies, including Google and Facebook, scooping out emails, photos and videos to track foreign nationals who are suspected of terrorism or espionage. That night, in a rare disclosure, Director of National Intelligence James Clapper reveals some information about the programs to counter what he says is the "misleading impression" created by news coverage.
Clapper says the government is prohibited from "indiscriminately sifting" through the data and can only review it when the query involves a reasonable suspicion that a foreign terrorist organization is involved. Clapper says articles about the Internet program "contain numerous inaccuracies" but does not specify what those might be.
---
June 7, 2013: Obama defends the programs, saying he came into office with "healthy skepticism" about them and has increased some safeguards to protect privacy. But he offers assurances that "nobody is listening to your telephone calls" or reading citizens' emails. Obama says privacy must be balanced with security: "We're going to have to make some choices as a society."
---
June 8, 2013: For the second time in three days, Clapper takes the unusual step of declassifying some details of an intelligence program in response to media reports. He says the government program for tapping into Internet usage is authorized by Congress, falls under strict supervision of a secret court and cannot intentionally target a U.S. citizen. Clapper says the data collection had the approval of the secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Court and was done with the knowledge of Internet service providers. He says media revelations of government intelligence-gathering programs are reckless and give America's enemies a "playbook" on how to avoid detection.
This photo provided by The Guardian Newspaper in London shows Edward Snowden, who worked as a contract employee at the National Security Agency, on Sunday, June 9, 2013, in Hong Kong. The Guardian identified Snowden as a source for its reports on intelligence programs after he asked the newspaper to do so on Sunday. Credit: AP
---
June 9, 2013: Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old contractor who claims to have worked at the National Security Agency and the CIA allows himself to be revealed as the source of disclosures about the U.S. government's secret surveillance programs. Snowden tells The Guardian newspaper his "sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them."
--
Read more about Snowden and his spy secrets and be sure to monitor TheBlaze's continued coverage of domestic surveillance.
--
Other Must-Read Stories:
