Will Muslim Players Go Without Food or Water as Ramadan Meets the World Cup?

Story by the Associated Press; curated by Zach Noble

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ALGIERS, Algeria (AP) — The Muslim players in World Cup teams that have qualified for the second round in Brazil face a thorny question on Sunday when much of the Islamic world will start observing the holy month of Ramadan with a dawn to dusk fast.

The question is trickiest for the Algerian team, which faces a formidable German side on Monday. There are also Muslims on the Nigerian and French teams and those players also will have to weigh their religious convictions against the possible effects of fasting on their performance.

"We need to discuss it among ourselves," Algerian player Djamel Mesbah said. "It's clear that our religion is very important for the team, so we will talk about it and see how to go forward."

Algeria's defender Djamel Mesbah takes part a training session on June 28, 2014 in Sorocaba during the 2014 FIFA World Cup football tournament. (Kirill Kudryavtsev/AFP/Getty Images)

Athletes in the Olympics in 2012 faced the same hurdle, with many teams allowing their players to eat during Ramadan so as not to impair their performance and make up for it at another time or make donations to charity.

While fasting during daytime over the 30 days of Ramadan, including abstaining from drinking liquids, is mandatory for all able bodied Muslims and one of the five pillars of Islam, there are exemptions, including for the sick, pregnant, infirm or elderly. Those traveling or going to war are also excluded and it is under this provision that most athletes will likely delay the fast until a more suitable time.

Algerian team captain Madjid Bouguerra pointed out in interviews with the Algerian press that it is a challenge Muslim players in European clubs have long faced and when he was with the Glasgow Rangers, he fasted but made sure he kept his performance up.

"The hardest thing is staying hydrated, but it's ok, the weather's good here," he said. "Some players will postpone their fast for another time, but depending on my physical condition, I think I will do it."

Bacary Sagna, a Muslim player in the French squad, said that many of the players who do it are used to it from their time in the European leagues and able to function.

"As a Muslim I know that there are certain rules that allow us to avoid it," he told The Associated Press in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. "Personally I'm not going to do it, everyone's free to do as they will and I totally respect those that will do it."

France's defender Bacary Sagna controls the ball during a training session at the stadium Santa Cruz in Ribeirao Preto on June 27, 2014, during the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. (Franck Fife/AFP/Getty Images)

From a religious standpoint, however, it becomes a bit more complex. Islam lacks a central hierarchy like the Catholic church and any imam can issue an opinion that is then obeyed depending on how much respect they command.

A man passes a billboard that reads: "Generous Ramadan: every year may you be well," in Hamad Town, Bahrain, Saturday, June 28, 2014. Bahraini officials announced that the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, a time of fasting, prayer and charitable giving, would begin Sunday. (AP Photo/Hasan Jamali)

Even in Algeria, which is bathing in the euphoria of qualifying for the second round of the World Cup for the first time in its history, there have been a range of opinions from religious scholars, with some coming out quite strongly against fasting exemptions.

"It is not allowed for an Algerian player to avoiding fasting just for a game — they must fast because God is with those who fast and young people can fast and play at the same time," said Mohammed Mekerkab, the head of Algeria's association of religious scholars.

He also dismissed the exemption for travel claimed by most athletes since the provision was only for voyages undertaken in the search for knowledge, health reasons or fighting jihad.

Algeria's government-appointed High Islamic Council, however, has come down in favor of those wanting to delay their fast. Sheikh Mohammed Sherif Kaher, the head of the council's commission for religious opinions said "those playing can abstain from fasting."

Dr. Hakim Chalabi, a specialist in sports and fasting who accompanied the team to Brazil, admitted in an interview that it is a delicate question because of the need for hydration and the increased risk of injuries.

He noted, though, that fasting wasn't always a total hindrance to players.

"We are often asked to urge players not to fast, but oddly, in some cases, there are athletes that get better results during Ramadan because they are fasting and want to," he said. "It can be a spiritual and psychological aid."

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Associated Press writer Jerome Pugmire in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil contributed to this report.